Kyrenia has been created and been around since the 10th century BC. Excavations have revealed Greek traces that date back to the 7th century BC, but the site was developed into a city under Roman rule.
Kyrenia is a major cultural and economical centre, considered to be the touristic capital of Northern Cyprus. It is home to numerous hotels, many and varied restaurants, a vibrant nightlife and a busy port. It hosts an annual culture and arts festival with hundreds of participating artists and performers and is home to three universities with a student population around 14,000.
In its heyday, just before the British occupation of the island in 1878, Kyrenia harbour was a quiet, often ignored, port between Cyprus and mainland Turkey. From there local Caïques, Greek owned, Turkish owned and even Turkish-Greek owned, conducted a thriving trade. Depending on the season, they exported wheat and olives, donkeys and goats and much more. Larger boats, mostly from Europe, arrived in the late fall and early winter to take in the crop of carobs, the main export item of the area. The caiques brought in wood, earthenware, legumes, cheese, butter, and even small luxuries items such as silk and cotton cloth, buttons and odd pieces of furniture. Slowly, two storied buildings emerged around the harbour as the owners used the lower floor as warehouses and the second floor as their residences.
The town’s trade with the Anatolian coast and beyond the Levant sea was badly affected when in 1885, the then British government of the island began the Kyrenia harbour works that left the harbor wide open to the northern gales. Slowly, over the next decades, scores of caiques were wrecked within Kyrenia harbour, with their owners often unable to recover from the loss.
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Kyrenia Castle in North Cyprus lies at the entrance of the harbour, gracefully defending the port and the ancient city of Kyrenia. With its imposing size and impenetrable walls it is a truly magnificent feat of ancient military architecture. Built by the Byzantines to protect the town from the frequent Arab attacks, in the years to come it was systemically amplified and reinforced by the Lusignans, Venetians, Ottomans, and finally the British Empire.
Within its walls lies the famous shipwreck museum. It contains the remains of a ship that dates back to the time of Alexander the Great (300BC). It is claimed to be the oldest commercial ship that has ever been recovered from the seas. Scientists have been able to establish that the ship was a merchant vessel in the eastern Mediterranean approximately 2300 years ago. The ship was discovered in 1967 and brought to the surface in 1969. Its cargo of amphoras, stone mills, almonds and various seeds are all on display including the carefully restored vessel. The dungeons and archaeological museum are also a must see.
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The biggest and best street market on the North coast is held every Wednesday from 8am to 8pm in Kyrenia. On sale are fresh fruits, nuts, olive oil and produce from local growers at ‘local’ prices, plus housewares, clothes, shoes, tools, plants and garden plants. There are around 100 stalls and it is situated across the car park in front of the Kyrenia Police Station.
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Wrapping around the Old Harbour, between Canbulat Caddesi and Kale Sokak, the diminutive Old Town is Kyrenia’s most atmospheric area for a wander. Its winding alleyways hold a jumble of abandoned old stone buildings slowly slipping into disrepair, mixed with newer concrete houses.
Walk down Ağa Cafer Pașa Sokak to see Agha Cafer Pașa Mosque (built in 1589) and the dilapidated remains of the 16th-century Chysopolitissa Church . There is also an ancient Greco-Roman tomb on Canbulat Caddesi.
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